Upcycled Aromatics - The Idea

Executive Summary

New developments in synthetic biology have allowed scientists to explore innovative ways of producing important, high-value chemicals from what was once seen as industrial waste. Paper mills and recycling plants, as a byproduct of their operation, produce a waste sludge composed of paper fibres too short for further processing. As this waste is seen as having negative value (requiring money to be disposed of), this is an attractive source of potentially exploitable cellulose. On the other end, aromatics represent a potentially lucrative chemical endpoint, having high price per unit mass and a wide variety of applications as feedstocks in a number of industries. Where others see waste, we at Upcycled Aromatics see opportunity.

Our proposed process has two parts: in the first, cellulose from waste sludge from recycling plants is converted into glucose; in the second, glucose from the first part is used as a feedstock for the biosynthesis of aromatic chemicals from genetically engineered bacteria.

In the glucose-aromatic conversion, we plan to use a single metabolic pathway in the biosynthesis of our product, with “on and off switches” at each “step”. This gives us the freedom to produce any intermediary compounds in addition to the natural end product. The current proposed pathway will allow us to produce either shikimate or cinnamic acid derivatives using the method described above, and should the market favour it, give us the flexibility to produce any other substance along the pathway.

Both shikimic acid and cinnamic acid (and its derivatives) are high-value, high-demand chemicals with steady markets and high potential for growth. Current commercial production of shikimic acid by extraction from Chinese star anise is effectively monopolized, and as seen from recent shortages in 2005, highly susceptible to the effects of a bad harvest. Meanwhile, cinnamic acid, an important precursor in the production of sweeteners and many pharmaceuticals, is produced mainly from synthesis of potentially harmful and polluting organic solvents. Upcycled Aromatics, with its innovative syn-bio approach, can provide a reliable and green source of both these vital compounds, produced from a feedstock for which there is minimal competition.

Once our project has been given the go-ahead for commercial scale-up, we plan to install our first plant directly downstream of either a paper mill or recycling facility. This will minimize transportation costs of the sludge, allowing us to spend money saved on enzymes needed for the cellulose-glucose conversion. Eventually, we hope to move towards a model with centralized production and an extensive distribution network to move goods to and from our suppliers and our plants.

The management of the company will consist of the current members of the University of Alberta iGEM Entrepreneurial team. With our extensive backgrounds in biochemistry, chemical engineering and genetics, we as a team have the knowledge and the skillset to make Upcycled Aromatics a success. Furthermore, we have also assembled a board of advisors that will provide us with the scientific and business expertise as we move forward. They include Dr. Chris Dambrowitz, who has had managerial experience with MDS Sciex (now AB Sciex), Blue Heron Biotechnology (Bothell WA), Visible Genetics (Toronto ON) and Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd (Chalk River ON), and Dr. Dominic Sauvageau, who is doing research in bioprocessing strategies in microbes and has been involved with the start-up company Laborium Biopharma.

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